VIENNA — “I’d rather be a cyborg than a goddess,” the American scholar Donna Haraway wrote in her influential 1985 essay “Cyborg Manifesto.” Her concept {that a} cyborgian identification holds out a promise of a post-gendered utopia underscores the thrilling exhibition, Radical Software program: Girls, Artwork & Computing 1960-1991 at Kunsthalle Wien, curated by Michelle Cotton. That includes works from the Nineteen Sixties to ‘90s, Radical Software counters historical notions of computer art as predominantly male; more importantly, it prods the potentialities but also limits of a cyborgian body.
Cotton lucidly outlines the ways in which women artists engaged with computers: As language and code games, as tools and an aesthetic, and finally, as intimate extensions of bodies, engendering dreams of post-gender otherness, but also technological nightmares, denoting violence as much as emancipation. Vera Molnár, for instance, made “Letters to my mother” (1988), seen in the exhibition’s opening gallery, by operating her mom’s letters by a pc program to generate drawings and, after the mom’s demise, new letters. The work frames the human thoughts as a machine — but in addition machines as partly emotive, evidenced by the drawings’ vehement strokes. Different works akin to Agnes Denes’s “Hamlet Fragmented – Wittgenstein’s Pain” (1970–71) and Alison Knowles’s “The House of Dust” (1967) use pc packages to change texts together with these by Wittgenstein, Shakespeare, and the artists themselves, distilling language to important word-blocks in putting concrete poems.
The exhibition’s latter galleries join codes and computer systems to girls’s labor and our bodies. One thread right here is how pc applied sciences impressed girls artists to consider software program as akin to scrupulously patterned textiles, traditionally seen as girls’s crafts. Charlotte Johannesson’s hand-woven tapestry, “I’m NO ANGEL” (1972–73/2017), that includes Mickey Mouse, and her digitally woven “Take me to another world” (1981–86) present the artist transferring fluidly from an artisanal to a digital observe; the irregularity of the thread conveys randomness, belying the hole between the coarser guide and the smoother digital weave.
Together with this heightened tactility, a brand new aesthetic emerges within the hard-edge work of Miriam Schapiro and Deborah Remington. The latter oil portray, “Merthyr” (1966), presages the cyborg physique by enmeshing metallic {hardware} in fleshy types (one may argue that the ultimate composition resembles ovaries). This aesthetic additionally issues notion, as seen within the geometric animations of Doris Chase and Lillian Schwartz, whose pulsing rhythms problem viewers’ potential to know patterns, calling our consideration to computer systems’ growing complexity and impenetrability, which Cotton calls “the digital sublime.”
Lynn Hershman Leeson, “X-Ray Woman” (1966)
Radical Software program creates a transparent throughline of ladies artists utilizing digital artwork to probe gender norms starting within the Nineteen Seventies. Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster’s video “Ada in ADA” (1989) makes use of a pc language, ADA, to inform the story of Ada Lovelace, a mathematician considered the primary pc programmer. One may name her work an “art hack,” within the sense that she makes use of a language developed by the USA Protection Division to surprising, playful ends. For example, the artist attracts from pc lingo, presenting characters as “packages” decreased to seemingly goal particulars of beginning dates and chief traits. Lovelace’s associate, the poet Lord Byron, is termed “alcoholic, unfaithful,” whereas Ada is “versatile, fragile.” Advanced relationships are decreased to archetypes (“Relationship with MOTHER”), highlighting the absurdity of collapsing a biography into a handy guide a rough algorithmic code. In the meantime, Barbara Hammer’s raunchy 16 mm movie, “No No Nooky TV” (1987), combines colourful graphics containing specific messages (“Cunt,” “Jerk Off,” “Double Lips”) with pictures and movie clips of bare girls, and a computerized voice. The latter proclaims, “I’ve been created by men in their own image …. by appropriating me, women will have a voice,” and points soiled instructions in a burst of joyously queered digital erotica.
The cyborgian lens darkens by the exhibition’s finish. In “Self Portrait as Another Person” (1965), Lynn Hershman Leeson’s wig-wearing wax robotic avatar utters recordings of invasive phrases (“Tell me your name again over and over,” “What is your greatest fear?”). This work appears underscored by the concern of surveillance and interrogation, a bleaker tackle the sooner mind-machines of Molnár or Denes. Anne-Mie Van Kerckhoven’s 16-mm animation-film “Message” (1988) equally incorporates photographs of falling glowy physique elements, impressed by her curiosity in tender porn mechanistic appendices as erotic instruments.
Lastly, in Analívia Cordeiro’s black and white video, “M3x3” (1970), machine-like our bodies turn into websites of management. Cordeiro made her video throughout Brazil’s army dictatorship, however the horrors of her cyborgian nightmare really feel modern. She presents an idealized self within the type of exaggeratedly smiling girls, earlier than masked dancers interact in a robotic choreography, their mechanical actions on a grid encapsulating the lack of self-expression and self-determination. It is a cyborgian world that embraces regression over the promise of a post-gendered future. In our time, as AI and expertise bolster authoritarian regimes, it’s arduous to not sense Haraway’s utopia slipping away.
Barbara Hammer, “No No Nooky TV” (1987), movie nonetheless (courtesy the Property of Barbara Hammer and KOW, Berlin)
Radical Software program: Girls, Artwork & Computing 1960–1991 continues at Kunsthalle Wien (Museumsplatz 1, Vienna, Austria) by Might 25. The exhibition was organized by Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, and Mudam Luxembourg – Musée d’Artwork Moderne Grand-Duc Jean. It was curated by Michelle Cotton.
